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                    <dt>IPv4 Address</dt>
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                        Enter as <code>xxxxxxxxxxxx</code> or <code>xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx</code>
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                        Find contacts / users via full email address <code>xxx@example.com</code>
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                        Any other text is searched as <code>%xxx%</code> on customer details
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            GR-IX Route Servers
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    <h4 align="center">
        <span style="margin-left:1em;margin-right:1em;"><a href="https://ixpmanager.gr-ix.gr/static/route-servers#overview">Overview</a></span>
        |<span style="margin-left:1em;margin-right:1em;"><a href="https://ixpmanager.gr-ix.gr/static/route-servers#communities">BGP communities</a></span>
        |<span style="margin-left:1em;margin-right:1em;"><a href="https://ixpmanager.gr-ix.gr/static/route-servers#policy">Policy</a></span>
        |<span style="margin-left:1em;margin-right:1em;"><a href="https://ixpmanager.gr-ix.gr/static/route-servers#implementing">Route Advertisement Manipulation</a></span>
    </h4>
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<div class="row-fluid">

<h4 style="margin-top:2em;"><a id="overview" style="color:#333;text-decoration:none;padding-top:2.6em;">Overview</a></h4>

<p>
 In order to facilitate the exchange of routing information without the
 need for bilateral, direct peerings, GR-IX offers
 the following two route servers to its members:
</p>

<table class="table" cellspacing="0" border="1">
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th>Route Server</th>
   <th>ASN</th>
   <th>IPv4</th>
   <th>IPv6</th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <td>rs0.grix.gr</td>
   <td>50745</td>
   <td>176.126.38.120</td>
   <td>2001:7f8:6e::120</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>rs1.gr-ix.gr</td>
   <td>50745</td>
   <td>176.126.38.121</td>
   <td>2001:7f8:6e::121</td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

<p>
 The route servers simplify the BGP control plane between the members, in
 the sense that each member does not need to maintain separate BGP
 peerings with each member it needs to exchange traffic with. The route
 servers try to simulate the result of direct BGP peerings by being as
 "transparent" as possible (e.g. by not appearing in the AS path and by
 not changing the BGP next-hop of the prefixes). Furthermore, the route
 servers do not participate in any manner in the data path of the traffic.
</p>

<p>
 The use of the route servers is optional for GR-IX
 members. Each member should not assume that all other members are
 connected to the route servers, or that all connected members will
 be willing to exchange traffic with it. Even for peering through the
 route server, a bilateral (business-level) agreement may be necessary.
</p>

<p>
 For members that decide to peer with the GR-IX
 route servers, (a) peering to both route servers and (b) advertising the
 same prefixes to those servers are recommended. Please note that the route
 servers implement passive BGP sessions (that is, they will always act in
 server mode, listening to port <code>179</code>, and will never initiate a session as a
 client).
</p>
<p><em>Note:</em> In some BGP implementations, the BGP process is configured to discard by default any updates received from an external BGP (eBGP) peer that do not have the peer's autonomous system (AS) number as the first AS in the AS_PATH. 
This is always the case in a peering with a route server, as the route server is configured to "hide" its AS number from the path.
Hence, when peering with the GR-IX route servers this check must be disabled (i.e. with a <code>no bgp enforce-first-as</code> on a <code>Cisco</code> router</p>

<p><a href="https://ixpmanager.gr-ix.gr/static/route-servers#top" style="text-decoration:none">[top]</a></p>

<h4 style="margin-top:2em;"><a id="communities" style="color:#333;text-decoration:none;padding-top:2.6em;">BGP communities</a></h4>

<table class="table" cellspacing="0" border="1">
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th>Community</th>
   <th>Purpose</th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <td colspan="2"><b>Advertisement Control:</b></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>50745:PeerAS (for 16-bit AS numbers) or <br>route_target:50745:PeerAS (for 16-bit or 32-bit AS numbers)</td>
   <td>Do not advertise to PeerAS</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>50745:0 or <br>route_target:50745:0</td>
   <td>Inverse policy (do not advertise to any peers, except from those defined with RSasn:PeerAS)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td colspan="2"><b>Prepending (communities can be combined)</b></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>50745:65501</td>
   <td>Prepend 50745 one time</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>50745:65502</td>
   <td>Prepend 50745 two times</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>50745:65503</td>
   <td>Prepend 50745 three times</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td colspan="2"><b>MED handling</b></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>50745:65000</td>
   <td>Do not alter incoming MED for IX switching optimisation</td>
  </tr>
 <tr>
   <td colspan="2"><b>Marking (performed by the route servers)</b></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>50745:65101</td>
   <td>Prefix received by a peering at EIE/NHRF POP</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>50745:65102</td>
   <td>Prefix received by a peering at LH POP</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>50745:65103</td>
   <td>Prefix received by a peering at MED POP</td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

<p><a href="https://ixpmanager.gr-ix.gr/static/route-servers#top" style="text-decoration:none">[top]</a></p>

<h4 style="margin-top:2em;"><a id="policy" style="color:#333;text-decoration:none;padding-top:2.6em;">Policy</a></h4>

<h5 style="margin-top:2em;">Received prefixes</h5>
                                                                                                        
<p>The route server will not accept:</p>

<ul>
 <li>Prefixes with next-hop different than the peers' ip(v4/v6) address.</li>
 <li>Martians and other unexpected routes:
  <ul>
   <li>v4: 10.0.0.0/8+, 169.254.0.0/16+, 172.16.0.0/12+, 192.0.0.0/24+, 192.0.2.0/24+, 192.168.0.0/16+, 198.18.0.0/15+, 198.51.100.0/24+, 203.0.113.0/24+, 224.0.0.0/4+, 240.0.0.0/4+, 0.0.0.0/32, 0.0.0.0/0(28-32), 0.0.0.0/0(0,7)</li>
   <li>v6: ::/0, ::/96, ::/128, ::1/128, ::ffff:0.0.0.0/96+, ::224.0.0.0/100+, ::127.0.0.0/104+, ::0.0.0.0/104+, ::255.0.0.0/104+, 0000::/8+, 0200::/7+,3ffe::/16+, 2001:db8::/32+, 2002:e000::/20+, 2002:7f00::/24+, 2002:0000::/24+, 2002:ff00::/24+, 2002:0a00::/24+, 2002:ac10::/28+, 2002:c0a8::/3+, fc00::/7+, fe80::/10+, fec0::/10+, ff00::/8+</li>
  </ul>
 </li>
 <li>Prefixes
  <ul>
   <li>with the last AS in the AS-PATH not included in the member's AS-SET (as declared in the GR-IX portal), and</li>
   <li>without a corresponding route object of same length that originates from an AS in the member's AS-SET</li>
  </ul>
 </li>
</ul>

<p>In addition, the number of received prefixes is capped by the maximum prefixes defined in the members portal.</p>

<h5 style="margin-top:2em;">Advertised prefixes</h5>

<p>The route servers:</p>
<ul>
 <li> Will advertise to all peers except PeerAS all prefixes that contain <code>50745:PeerAS</code></li>
 <li> Will advertise only to PeerAS all prefixes that contain both <code>50745:0</code> and <code>50745:PeerAS</code></li>
 <li> Will NOT advertise to any peer all prefixes that contain only <code>50745:0</code></li>
</ul>

<p>If more than one candidate exists for the same prefix, the route selection will take place as follows:</p>

<ol>
 <li>The prefix with the shortest AS path will be selected</li>
 <li>The prefix with the best origin will be selected (IGP->EGP->incomplete)</li>
 <li>For prefixes of the same Peer (same first AS in the AS-PATH), the prefix with the lower MED will be selected (no MED=0)</li>
 <li>The older (more stable) prefix will be selected</li>
</ol>

<p>
 Note: As different prefixes may be eligible to be advertised to different peers,
 different best candidates for the same prefix may be advertised to different
 members.
</p>

<p><em>Notes:</em></p>
<ul>
 <li>By default, the route servers will change MED in order to attempt to optimise advertisements (i.e, between two same prefixes of the same AS, the closer (in terms of switching hops) will be selected). Members can use the <code>50745:65000</code> community to override this behavior; in that case MED will be respected by the route server and will be preserved at the outgoing advertisements.</li>
 <li>The route server will always preserve the AS-PATH and next-hop.</li>
</ul>


<h5 style="margin-top:2em;">Update Scedule</h5>
The route servers are updated in a regular basis in order to reflect changes in the IRRDBs (eg new AS numbers within a macro, new prefixes originating from an AS) or the GR-IX portal (eg new MD5 password, new macro etc). The update scedule for the route servers is different in order to minimize the propagation of errors. The update schedule is as follows:
<ul>
 <li><strong>rs0:</strong> Automatic, Every two hours, between 08.00 and 16.00 (local time), Monday to Friday</li>
 <li><strong>rs1:</strong> Manual, during the same or next business day</li>
</ul>

<p><a href="https://ixpmanager.gr-ix.gr/static/route-servers#top" style="text-decoration:none">[top]</a></p>

<h4 style="margin-top:2em;"><a id="implementing" style="color:#333;text-decoration:none;padding-top:2.6em;">Route Advertisement Manipulation</a></h4>

<p>
 BGP communities can be used in order to control the members where a prefix
 is advertised.
</p>

<ul>
 <li>By default, the route server will advertise each prefix to all connected members.</li>
 <li>Standard community <code>50745:PEER-AS</code> or extended community <code>origin:50745:PEER-AS</code>
  (depending on whether the PEER AS is 2- or 4-byte) can be used to exclude announcing
  this prefix to PEER-AS.</li>
 <li>Community <code>50745:0</code> can invert the policy for a prefix; that is, the prefix will be
  advertised only to the AS'es identified by the <code>(origin:)50745:PEER-AS</code> communities
  on the prefix.</li>
</ul>

<p>
 Note that this is a per-prefix behavior, i.e. each prefix may implement
 a different policy based on its own communities.
</p>

<p>
 Note also that there is no way for a member to block the incoming advertisements
 on the route-server level; this has to be done by ingress BGP filters on its own
 equipment.
</p>

<p><a href="https://ixpmanager.gr-ix.gr/static/route-servers#top" style="text-decoration:none">[top]</a></p>

<h4 style="margin-top:2em;"><a id="implementing" style="color:#333;text-decoration:none;padding-top:2.6em;">Additional Features</a></h4>

<h5 style="margin-top:2em;">Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)</h5>
<p> Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) is a detection protocol that is
designed to provide fast forwarding path failure detection times for all
media types, encapsulations, topologies, and routing protocols. In
addition to fast forwarding path failure detection, BFD provides a
consistent failure detection method for network administrators. Because
the network administrator can use BFD to detect forwarding path failures
at a uniform rate, rather than the variable rates for different routing
protocol hello mechanisms, network profiling and planning is easier, and
reconvergence time is consistent and predictable. The main benefit of
implementing BFD for BGP is a significantly faster reconvergence time.</p>

<p>The GR-IX route servers support BFD by default for all configured bgp peerings. Nevertheless, BFD is configured as passive, i.e. the feature is not activated and no outgoing BFD packets are sent untill a BFD packet is received by the bgp peer. The standard UDP ports (src:<code>49152-65535</code>, dst:<code>3784-3785</code>) are configured/expected for outgoing/incoming packets.</p>

<p>In order to form a BFD session with any of the route servers, the following timers are proposed:<p>
<p><code>
bfd interval 300<br>
multiplier 5
</code></p>

<h5 style="margin-top:2em;">Authentication of BGP peerings</h5>
<p>The route servers support MD5 authentication for the BGP peerings. In order to enable authentication please <a href="https://ixpmanager.gr-ix.gr/static/support">contact our helpdesk</a></p>

<p><a href="https://ixpmanager.gr-ix.gr/static/route-servers#top" style="text-decoration:none">[top]</a></p>



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